MIMI Experiment on Cassini

http://www.mps.mpg.de/en/projekte/cassini/mimi/index.html

Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument (MIMI)

onboard the CASSINI spacecraft

The Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument (MIMI) is a neutral and charged particle detection system on the CASSINI orbiter spacecraft designed to study the overall configuration and dynamics of Saturn's magnetosphere, and its interaction with the solar wind, Saturn's atmosphere, Titan, and the icy satellites.

MIMI consists of three different sensors which were built at different institutions in Europe and the United States. The principal Investigator is S.M. Krimigis from the Applied Physics Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland, USA.

The different subsystems are:

INCA (Ion Neutral Camera) built at the Applied Physics Laboratory JHU/APL Laurel, Maryland, USA
CHEMS (Charge Energy Mass Spectrometer) built at the University of Maryland, College Park, USA
LEMMS (Low Energy Magnetospheric Measurement System) built at Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
MEU (Main Electronic Unit) built at CESR, Toulouse, France and JHU/APL Laurel, Maryland, USA

	Science objectives
	Investigators
	Instrument description
	People involved
	Calibration Campaigns
	Daily updated summary plots
	Periapsis data
	MIMI publications by MPS members

Science objectives

Saturn

Determine the global configuration and dynamics of hot plasma in the magnetosphere of Saturn through energetic neutral particle imaging of ring current, radiation belts, and neutral clouds.
Study the sources of plasmas and energetic ions through in situ measurements of energetic ion composition, spectra, charge state, and angular distributions.
Search for, monitor, and analyze magnetospheric substorm-like activity at Saturn.
Determine through the imaging and composition studies the magnetosphere- satellite interactions at Saturn and understand the formation of clouds of neutral hydrogen, nitrogen, and water products.
Investigate the modification of satellite surfaces and atmospheres through plasma and radiation bombardment.
Study Titan’s cometary interaction with Saturn’s magnetosphere (and the solar wind) via high-resolution imaging and in situ ion and electron measurements.
Measure the high energy (E_e > 1 MeV, E_p 15 MeV) particle component in the inner (L < 5 R_S) magnetosphere to assess cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND) source characteristics.
Investigate the absorption of energetic ions and electrons by the satellites and rings in order to determine particle losses and diffusion processes within the magnetosphere.
Study magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling through remote sensing of aurora and in situ measurements of precipitating energetic ions and electrons.

Jupiter

Study ring current(s), plasma sheet, and neutral clouds in the magnetosphere and magnetotail of Jupiter during Cassini flyby, using global imaging and in situ measurements.

Interplanetary

Determine elemental and isotopic composition of local interstellar medium through measurements of interstellar pickup ions.
Study the compositional evolution at low energies of shock-accelerated ions in the interplanetary medium.
Monitor cosmic ray intensity variations (E_p > 70 MeV/nuc) and anomalous cosmic rays, and compare with similar measurement in both the inner heliosphere (Advanced Composition Explorer, ACE) and the outer heliosphere (Voyager 1, 2).

MIMI Investigators

MIMI-Team leading investigators from left to right:
B.H. Mauk, D.J. Williams, S. Livi, D. Mitchell, E.C. Roelof, S.M. Krimigis, A.F. Cheng, D.C. Hamilton

MIMI Team, July 2009

MIMI Team Meeting, Cologne, July 2009

Principal Investigator	S.M. Krimigis	The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel, MD 20723 USA Office for Space Research and Applications Academy of Athens Athens Greece
Team members @ APL	A.F. Cheng E.P. Keath (ret.) B.H. Mauk R.W McEntire (ret.) D.G. Mitchell E.C. Roelof D.J. Williams (ret.) M. Hill P. Brandt A. Rymer T.Smith	The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel, MD 20723 USA
Team members @ Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research	N. Krupp J. Woch A. Lagg E. Roussos E. Kirsch (ret.) Z. Bebesi A. L. Müller P. Kollmann	Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Max-Planck-Str. 2 D-37191 Katlenburg-Lindau Germany
Team members @ University of Cologne	J. Saur A. L. Müller	University of Cologne Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology Zülpicher Str. 49a D-50674 Cologne Germany
Team members @ Academy of Athens	S. M. Krimigis N. Sergis K. Dialynas	Office for Space Research and Applications Academy of Athens Athens Greece
Team members @ UMD	G. Gloeckler D.C. Hamilton	University of Maryland Department of Physics and Astronomy College Park, MD 20742 USA
Team member @ UKANS	T.P. Armstrong	Fundamental Technology Lawrence, Kansas USA affiliated with: University of Kansas Department of Physics and Astronomy Lawrence, KS 66044 USA
Team member @ ARIZO	K.C. Hsieh	University of Arizona Department of Physics Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
Team member @ SWRI	S. Livi	Southwest Research Institute San Antonio TX 28510 USA
Team member @ MSSL	G.H. Jones	Mullard Space Science Laboratory Holmbury St. Mary Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT UK
Team member @ NJIT	L.J. Lanzerotti	New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark, NJ 07102 USA
Team member @ NCU	W.H. Ip	Institute of Astronomy National Central University No. 300, Jungda Rd Jungli City, Taoyuan Taiwan 320, R.O.C.

Detailed instrument description of MIMI-LEMMS

LEMMS is designed to measure the energy and spatial distribution of energetic particles (electrons and ions separately) in the interplanetary medium and in the magnetosphere of Saturn.
The LEMMS sensor is sponsored by the DLR (Deutsche Luft- und Raumfahrtagentur). DLR is the German counterpart of NASA.

LEMMS is based on a similar type of particle spectrometer which is currently flying on the NASA spacecraft GALILEO orbiting the planet Jupiter.

LEMMS consists of the following subsystems:
low energy detector head with collimator
high energy detector head with collimator
programmable turntable (manufactured in Finland by VTT)
electronics

The measurements of energetic particles are based on the loss of energy in semiconductor detectors. LEMMS has 11 different detectors E1, E2, F1, F2, A, B, D1, D2, D3a, D3b, D4

MIMI-LEMMS - Low Energy End

The low energy end of LEMMS is designed to measure low energy ions and electrons separately. An internal permanent magnet separates ions and electrons magnetically. The particles are detected with different detector systems inside the low energy end. The figure is the result of a simulation for the response of the low energy end of LEMMS (for details of the simulation contact Andreas Lagg (lagg@mps.mpg.de). Energetic particles enter the low energy end aperture from the left. Electrons are deflected by the magnet and counted by detectors E1, E2 (shown in green) and F1, F2 (blue) dependend on their energy. Ions are detcted by detectors A and B (shown in yellow).

The whole assembly of the low energy end including the detectors E1, E2, F1, F2, A, and B and the permanent magnet are caged by a platinum box and a mu-metal shielding.

Parameter of the low energy end detectors:

Detector Thickness [µm] Active area [mm²]

E1 300±15 90

E2 300±15 90

F1 700±15 90

F2 300±15 90

A 150±15 35

B 700±25 35

Detector	Thickness [µm]	Active area [mm²]
E1	300±15	90
E2	300±15	90
F1	700±15	90
F2	300±15	90
A	150±15	35
B	700±25	35

Between detectors B and the stack of D1..D4 of the high energy end a Gold-Absorber (1000 µm, 75 mm²) is inserted to stop particles not stopped in A or B.

MIMI-LEMMS - High Energy End

The high energy end of LEMMS is designed to measure high energy ions and electrons with a stack of 4 detectors D1, D2, D3, D4. In front of detector D1 a 25 µm Al-foil suppresses incoming light on results.

Parameter of the high energy end detectors:

Detector Thickness [µm] Active area [mm²]

D1 150±15 100

D2 700±25 150

D3a 700±25 150

D3b 700±25 150

D4 700±25 150

(Note: Detector D3 consists of two identical detectors D3a and D3b)

Detector	Thickness [µm]	Active area [mm²]
D1	150±15	100
D2	700±25	150
D3a	700±25	150
D3b	700±25	150
D4	700±25	150

MIMI-LEMMS - Turntable

The programmable turntable was manufactured by

VTT in Finland.

MIMI-LEMMS - Characteristics

order of
accumulator
readout channel
name species logic low or high
energy end

1 A0 ions A1(A2)(B1) L

2 A1 ions A2(A3)(B1) L

3 A2 ions A3(A4)(B1) L

4 A3 ions A4(A5)(B1) L

5 A4 ions A5(A6)(B1) L

6 A5 ions A6(A7)(B1) L

7 A6 ions A7(A8)(B1) L

8 A7 ions A8(A9)(B1) L

9 A8 ions A9(B1) L

10 B0 ions A8(A9)B1(B5)(D41) L

11 B1 ions A6(A8)B4(B5)(D41) L

12 B2 ions A9B1(B5)(D41) L

13 B3 ions A9B5(D41) L

14 BE ions A2(A7)B1(B3)(D41) L

15 C0 electrons E11(E12)(E21) L

16 C1 electrons E12(E13)(E21) L

17 C2 electrons E13(E14)(E21) L

18 C3 electrons E14(E15)(E21) L

19 C4 electrons E15(E16)(E21)+F11(F12)(F21) L

20 C5 electrons F12(F13)(F21) L

21 C6 electrons F13(E14)(F21) L

22 C7 electrons F14(F15)(F21) L

23 AS singles A1 L

24 BS singles B1 L

25 E11 singles E11 L

26 E2F2 singles E21 L

27 F11 singles F11 L

28 E0 electrons D11(D12)(D21) H

29 E1 electrons D11(D12)D21(D31) H

30 E2 electrons (D11)D21(D22)(D31) H

31 E3 electrons (D12)D21(D22)(D31) H

32 E4 electrons (D12)D21(D22)D32(D33)(D41) H

33 E5 electrons D21(D22)D32(D33) H

34 E6 electrons D32(D33)D41(D42)(B1) H

35 E7 electrons D41(D42)B1(B2) H

36 G1 (gammas) (D21)D31(D32)(D41) H

37 P1 ions D13(D15)(D21) H

38 P2 ions D15(D16)(D21) H

39 P3 ions D15(D16)D21(D23)(D31) H

40 P4 ions D12(D16)D23(D24)(D31) H

41 P5 ions D12(D15)D24(D25)(D31) H

42 P6 ions D24(D25)D32(D34)(D41) H

43 P7 ions D21(D25)D33(D35) H

44 P8 ions D12(D15)D22(D23)D33 H

45 P9 ions D22(D23)D32(D33) H

46 H1 ions D16(D17)(D21) H

47 H2 ions D16(D17)D21(D26) H

48 H3 ions D25(D26)D32 H

49 H4 ions D23(D25)D35 H

50 H5 ions D22D34(D35)D45 H

51 Z1 ions D17(D21) H

52 Z2 ions D17D21(D31) H

53 Z3 ions D26D32 H

54 D1 singles D11 H

55 D2 singles D21 H

56 D3 singles D31 H

57 D41 singles D41 H

order of accumulator readout	channel name	species	logic	low or high energy end
1	A0	ions	A1(A2)(B1)	L
2	A1	ions	A2(A3)(B1)	L
3	A2	ions	A3(A4)(B1)	L
4	A3	ions	A4(A5)(B1)	L
5	A4	ions	A5(A6)(B1)	L
6	A5	ions	A6(A7)(B1)	L
7	A6	ions	A7(A8)(B1)	L
8	A7	ions	A8(A9)(B1)	L
9	A8	ions	A9(B1)	L
10	B0	ions	A8(A9)B1(B5)(D41)	L
11	B1	ions	A6(A8)B4(B5)(D41)	L
12	B2	ions	A9B1(B5)(D41)	L
13	B3	ions	A9B5(D41)	L
14	BE	ions	A2(A7)B1(B3)(D41)	L
15	C0	electrons	E11(E12)(E21)	L
16	C1	electrons	E12(E13)(E21)	L
17	C2	electrons	E13(E14)(E21)	L
18	C3	electrons	E14(E15)(E21)	L
19	C4	electrons	E15(E16)(E21)+F11(F12)(F21)	L
20	C5	electrons	F12(F13)(F21)	L
21	C6	electrons	F13(E14)(F21)	L
22	C7	electrons	F14(F15)(F21)	L
23	AS	singles	A1	L
24	BS	singles	B1	L
25	E11	singles	E11	L
26	E2F2	singles	E21	L
27	F11	singles	F11	L
28	E0	electrons	D11(D12)(D21)	H
29	E1	electrons	D11(D12)D21(D31)	H
30	E2	electrons	(D11)D21(D22)(D31)	H
31	E3	electrons	(D12)D21(D22)(D31)	H
32	E4	electrons	(D12)D21(D22)D32(D33)(D41)	H
33	E5	electrons	D21(D22)D32(D33)	H
34	E6	electrons	D32(D33)D41(D42)(B1)	H
35	E7	electrons	D41(D42)B1(B2)	H
36	G1	(gammas)	(D21)D31(D32)(D41)	H
37	P1	ions	D13(D15)(D21)	H
38	P2	ions	D15(D16)(D21)	H
39	P3	ions	D15(D16)D21(D23)(D31)	H
40	P4	ions	D12(D16)D23(D24)(D31)	H
41	P5	ions	D12(D15)D24(D25)(D31)	H
42	P6	ions	D24(D25)D32(D34)(D41)	H
43	P7	ions	D21(D25)D33(D35)	H
44	P8	ions	D12(D15)D22(D23)D33	H
45	P9	ions	D22(D23)D32(D33)	H
46	H1	ions	D16(D17)(D21)	H
47	H2	ions	D16(D17)D21(D26)	H
48	H3	ions	D25(D26)D32	H
49	H4	ions	D23(D25)D35	H
50	H5	ions	D22D34(D35)D45	H
51	Z1	ions	D17(D21)	H
52	Z2	ions	D17D21(D31)	H
53	Z3	ions	D26D32	H
54	D1	singles	D11	H
55	D2	singles	D21	H
56	D3	singles	D31	H
57	D41	singles	D41	H

People involved with MIMI-LEMMS @ Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS)

name position email

Dr. N. Krupp scientist krupp @ mps.mpg.de

Dr. J. Woch scientist woch @ mps.mpg.de

Dr. A. Lagg scientist lagg @ mps.mpg.de

Dr. G. Jones scientist ghj @ mssl.ucl.ac.uk

Dr. E. Roussos scientist roussos @ mps.mpg.de

Dr. Z. Bebesi scientist bebesi @ mps.mpg.de

A. L. Müller PhD student muellera @ mps.mpg.de

P. Kollmann PhD student kollmann @ mps.mpg.de

H. Sommer engineer --

A. Loose engineer loose @ mps.mpg.de

K. Heerlein engineer heerlein @ mps.mpg.de

name	position	email
Dr. N. Krupp	scientist	krupp @ mps.mpg.de
Dr. J. Woch	scientist	woch @ mps.mpg.de
Dr. A. Lagg	scientist	lagg @ mps.mpg.de
Dr. G. Jones	scientist	ghj @ mssl.ucl.ac.uk
Dr. E. Roussos	scientist	roussos @ mps.mpg.de
Dr. Z. Bebesi	scientist	bebesi @ mps.mpg.de
A. L. Müller	PhD student	muellera @ mps.mpg.de
P. Kollmann	PhD student	kollmann @ mps.mpg.de
H. Sommer	engineer	--
A. Loose	engineer	loose @ mps.mpg.de
K. Heerlein	engineer	heerlein @ mps.mpg.de

MIMI-LEMMS Calibration Campaigns

date location calibration with

Dec 1995 Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)
Greenbelt, Maryland, USA electrons

Mar 1996 Kernforschungszentrum (KFA)
Jülich, Germany high energy protons and helium

1996-1997 Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research,
Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany low energy protons, helium, oxygen

Feb 1997 Goddard Spaceflight Center (GSFC)
Greenbelt, Maryland, USA electrons, H-

Mar 1997 LBL, Berkeley,
California, USA high energy protons, helium, carbon, oxygen

date	location	calibration with
Dec 1995	Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Greenbelt, Maryland, USA	electrons
Mar 1996	Kernforschungszentrum (KFA) Jülich, Germany	high energy protons and helium
1996-1997	Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany	low energy protons, helium, oxygen
Feb 1997	Goddard Spaceflight Center (GSFC) Greenbelt, Maryland, USA	electrons, H-
Mar 1997	LBL, Berkeley, California, USA	high energy protons, helium, carbon, oxygen

Krupp
06-08-2010